Ethics

Q1. The Kantian conception of the value of human beings elicits the need for a democratic leadership that will give the people a whole chance to take hold of ones life and pursue it for their own benefit .Kant gives a priority to the individual human being, referring to him as end in himself or themselves. He further reiterates that the individual human beings should be given the freedom in the management of public organizations, morals and value systems in order to reap maximum of their effort. Moreover, Kant urges that there should be no separation between those who have computers and those who do not have, and in this way the affirmation of justice and equality is sound.

Q2. The society has undergone change due to the evolution of the computers and the computer technology. The social changes that have occurred may be perceived to be in various forms the change in the mode of governance of the people of a given nation, in that, when a new political power comes into the leadership, there are presumed changes that are accompanied with it as new leaders are seen to emerge with new ideas, visions and dreams. At the same time the power distribution and management are likely to change, with the change itself skewed to the positive expectations. Rampant changes have also occurred in the field of business and economy. The strategies and growth avenues that have been laid down by various economies have been boosted by the emergence and influence of the computers and the computer technology (Wilson, 2007). This has hence led to the growth of these economies. Its fundamental enough to say that the evolution of computer and computer technology has in one way or the other led to the change in various societal structures and their functioning. For instance, the African continent has been able to go global in its business and has improved its communication with the various parts of the world. The introduction of computer and the computer technology has caused many changes in various fields and perspectives of life. In the field of communication and information, the delivery of messages from one place to another has been made efficient and effective with the introduction of mobile phones, televisions and telephones. Its with the use of the computer technology that these electronic machines are operated and maintained to serve their special purpose. The immense power of the information technology has vehemently worked well in the transformation of business, and has also expanded mans intellectual power. Besides this, the transport sector has been uplifted by the involvement of the computer technology, marked by the making of machines as the airplanes, cars and high sea ships.

Q3.  Human beings have progressed from the ancient stages of agriculture that were characterized by the use of the traditional equipment as the digging hoe, to the use of mechanizations as involved with tractors and other land machines. Also, industries have been set up with most plants making use of the computer technology. This has resulted to increase in the quality and the quantity of production (Garson, 2009).

The access to the computer and the computer technology has however not been uniformly distributed to all the people of the world. The revolutionary changes that have taken place have not been experienced by all those who intent to get in touch with this technology, hence the people have been put at a state of separation and distributed in various classes. Sections of people have had their status reinforced, while others have continued to wallow in the old way of life. This has also drawn concern to the political powers, governance and leadership and has introduced various hierarchies. As a result of this, the distribution of power and wealth has been skewed merely according to the accessibility of the computer and the computer technology. This has likewise ranked the various nations with preference to the amount of wealth possessed by them.

Q4.    A human living constitutes a number of values that regulate the daily living, and these values are made by man himself and in most cases are incorporated in the technology at hand. As man develops the technology, the social values and value systems are incorporated in them, which will have significant consequences both in the technology field and the society. In this way, precise technology and sound ethics are promoted in the life of man. Man makes a computer to accomplish a given task desired by him, which in any cases is fulfilled, being one of the values in the human race (Garson, 2009). The computer can however do other things that were not desired by man, or even perform other things in addition of the mans intention. This moreover is another human value that has been embedded in the computer. In addition of this, material objects are made by man to reach  many people in the remote parts of the world. These intentions of man are in themselves values and are supported by the computers ability to reach the people. The human society can be modified to suit the mans desire as done in eugenics and the genomic technologies that may have other resultant values as discrimination in the society. Finally, it is quite clear that the choice of the technology determines the type of the society and that this technology may sound neutral with the nature of the resultant implications in the society.

It is a human value that the computer software be reliable to the users and to the entire human life. The software should have the ability to work for long without making errors, or incase of an error, the computer should be able to recover to its original functionality. The software should also be friendly to be used by man. The software should be effective and efficient in its operation. The software efficiency refers to the internal ability to yield to the input instruction. The softwares accuracy in data manipulation is another value expected of computer software.

Q5.   The internet technology has led to the existence of the varied forms of democracy through the online communication, many political parties have evolved with every potential of various forms. Through the internet, people are able to make decisions and affect them to the societies hence bringing up the change. The fundamental organizational techniques have been put onto the internet and have resulted in the societys access to the diverse sources of information (Wilson, 2007).

The human communication has been made vast and goes through without the intervention of the institutionalized forms of communication. The accessibility to the information enables the people to participate freely in the management of developmental resources in a just and fair way, that is, democracy is attained. The people will be in possession of knowledge and information which is a source of power and ability to make decisions of life. In addition to this, the otherwise weak in the society will be rejuvenated and raised even to the level of the strong, hence attaining to the equality of all the people in the society, which is democracy in itself.

Q6.  The internet may be viewed to be a chance for liberation and enlightenment in the society. This may not be true as the advancement in technology has also proved to be at the epicenter of mans main undoing in the society. The internet has worked well in the breaking up of various human relationships, democracy and even institutions. It has acted in a way to put people in various hierarchies with reference to the access and usability of the technology and the internet.

Q7.   The internet is a good source of information which is in most cases a prerequisite to the democratic state of any human setting. The internet information promotes the idea of economic growth and society development. These two perspectives of the societys survival are enhanced by the access to the technological information of the internet. Furthermore, a stable and fairly distributed social and economic equality is the key for the emergence of the political equity in the society. The internet enables many people to access information which may be a source of jobs, skills of work and even life saving information. The access to all of these by the people promotes democracy.

Q8.   The growth in the gap between those who have computers and those who dont have normally come up due to the fact that not all people are able to access the computers and the computer technology. The internet likewise has put people in the state of inequality in the fields of association, education, job opportunities and the ability to sent and receive information. Hence its a clear fact that those who dont have access to these sources of information are left behind and will fall in the same category, which is a direct hindrance to the equality in the human relationship.

Q9.   The evolution of computer and the computer technology should be within the set law which oversees the evolution of ideas of life before they are implemented into the lives of the people. Internet is a broad entity that has to be governed in an appropriate way in order to minimize the damage that people might be in a risk to. The development should be in accordance to peoples privacy, the moral law and the value systems of the people. Similarly, the development of the internet should serve to assure people of what it offers and that it should not raise any alarm of fear. Moreover, the development should not detach people from their daily way of association and relationships.
 
Q10.The future computers should be able to realize the mans rightful need for the values and should be able to asses any idea before passing it to the people for consumption. The values should be friendly to the peoples living standards and should foster equality and democracy.

Q11.   The fact that these people dont have computers is hard to make them know of the importance of having it since until you posses something will you know its importance. They may be relying on the information from friends or other inappropriate sources that may not be efficient. Until a deliberate social effort is made to enable them have the computers, the have-nots may not benefit (Wilson, 2007).

Q12.   Computer systems are value-laden because they are made and formulated by man himself, hence its resultant features are measured according to the original intention of the installers. In the same way, these systems will in one way or the other influence the social values and peoples relation with one another. However, the outcome of the computer system may not be in accordance with the peoples intentions and hence may be biased.

Q13.   In conclusion, the internet is a global feature that anybody can access at any time. It also shares information to anybody who gets in contact with it. Besides this, the internet makes information accessible to people no matter their standards. However, the author criticizes this on the ground that it has resulted to inequality and discrimination among the haves and the have-nots.