Watching other bystanders
It is human tendency to gather around a mob when there is something wrong going on. It is also human tendency to follow the mob. Kidder says that the more the crowd the longer it takes for somebody to speak against the wrong being committed. Thus in any organization if there is something wrong that has taken place that is aware to everybody, nobody interferes to offer a suggestion, rather they feel that it is normal for everybody to keep silent about it.
The ambiguity of irresponsible actions
In case there is any ambiguity involved in the wrong situation where either the person involved is not known or the case is unclear, people generally tend to ignore the issue and carry on as if nothing has gone wrong. This is the most common tendency when in an organization all the employees or a few of them know about the issue but ignore it and make it a way of work unless it is strictly investigated.
Diffused responsibility
It is human tendency that it is assumed that in case of any fault with the organization, it is not right to find fault with one particular individual. People do not hesitate to think that the person behind the mistake is not the only one who is punished. It is assumed that since the organization is huge, the real cause is hidden and everybody shares the responsibility of the problem.
2. Kidder also writes about four dilemma paradigms that are helpful in analyzing an ethical dilemma. Fully describe each of the four paradigms and how they are used in making ethical decisions.
Ans The four dilemma paradigms that are spoken of by Kidder are
Employment commitment and turnover
For every individual, conscience is the mirror where he says the reflection of his actions. Knowing that he has committed a mistake or helped in the issue, his conscience will never accept his guilt. Hence he will not be able to live peacefully and this results in poor performance of work and personal life. Hence such kind of behavior indicates malpractice and a decision to support what is right and wrong.
Corporate Norms
In case a person commits a mistake and is willing to hide and control the situation in hand, people generally follow his path and continue discharging their duties like a norm. Such behavior will only spoil any chances that the organization has in the competition and also ruin their work force. This can be a great influence on the organization and work force and necessary steps need to be taken to correct this kind of behavior and keep it further in check.
Organizational Values
Every working employee needs to follow certain rules and regulations framed by the organization in which they work in. Hence it is very important that the company frames rules that help avoid any malpractices in the company. Regulations should be formed more to improve working environments and not to force the employees to work under check. Healthy restrictions never cause harm and in reality help the organization in the long run.
Individual concerns
A few companies follow the principle of letting every employee speak their mind regularly, in meetings and other important events. This ensures that people voice their opinion from time to time. This is a good practice because not everybody can think alike and also not everybody is alert every minute. In this case, new ideas can be incorporated and several mistakes can be recognized early before they can cause much damage to the organization.
3. Give examples of each of kidders four dilemmas from your personal experience
Ans From my personal experience I have the following examples to share
a. When I resorted to cheating during exams when I was a kid in school, I was fortunately not caught by my supervisor. However my conscience really bothered me for a long time and hence I have never repeated that mistake. I remember passing many sleepless nights for my mistake. I have never encouraged this again.
b. My father who works in a bank has told us many times about people just following the norm every time a mistake is committed in their bank. If a teller has committed a mistake in not checking the signature on a check properly, he ignores the issue rather than reporting it, unless the customer comes back to complain. This has raised a lot of questions on the authenticity of the bank.
c. My college is very famous for its strict rules that smoking is not allowed in the premises. Our principal is the one who passes such regulations. He is aware that apart from being an unhealthy habit, it creates a very unprofessional atmosphere in the campus. Of late this has really proved to its merit when a visiting professor praised our college sky high.
d. In college, there was one particular teacher for English who encouraged students to speak their mind every week, which she called the opinion class. This helped a lot of us overcome stage fears and especially helped me when I complained about the assignment process that ruined our weekends almost always. This was immediately changed and a more student friendly process was introduced.
1. Mintzberg, et al, say that our society and corporations have been taken over by a syndrome of selfness. Explain what they mean.Ans The syndrome of selfishness that is emphasized in the article is the malady of greed that has been incorporated everywhere today. All the companies have turned mean and greed has taken over the purpose of service and money and profits have taken over the need to be genuine.
2. What are the fabrications that they suggest support this syndrome or selfishness
Ans The essence that we are never satisfied and always yearn for more, organizations believe more in share holder value and profit maximization rather than service, all big companies need big brains and powerful men to control it and effective organizations are the fabrications that support this syndrome of selfishness.
3. What are your thoughts about Marjorie Kellys views that shareholders have privileges of feudal aristocrats
Ans Marjorie Kelly is right in comparing share holders to feudal aristocrats, since everybody who works for a particular product is hidden from the big picture and share holders whose sole purpose is to maximize the organizations share value are highlighted and given undue importance.
4. What is the effect of shareholder value on the other stakeholders
Ans The share holders value is in reality the price of a stock and hence the more the value the more stake holders receive rewards.
5. Describe the authors view of engagement
Ans According to the author, every employee needs to be properly engaged in the proper activity where his production level is maximum.
1. What is corporate irresponsibility
Ans Corporate irresponsibility is when employees shun away from their duties or refuse to take responsibility for any mistakes committed or ignore the mistakes committed by others for the intent of saving somebody or other personal issues.
2. What is the difference between actively doing something unethical yourself, and observing someone else behaving unethically and doing nothing about it yourself
Ans Active participation in something unethical is considered wrong by everybody sine the person involved in the malpractice can be proved to be a part of it. However observing somebody doing something unethical and not doing anything about it cannot be proven and even though it has indirect influence it is not considered a big crime.
3. What is required of the individual managers to prevent corporate irresponsibility
Ans The role of managers to curb corporate irresponsibility is to check their sub ordinates from time to time and guide them for a proper growth. Also they need to make rules that help the work environment improve and better the performance of the company.
4. Bansal and Kandola suggest in their article that individuals are often guided in their behavior in social circumstances and in business organizations by watching other bystanders. What are the three ways they suggest that the bystander effect can explain how individual actions contribute to corporate social irresponsibility
Ans By observing by standers individuals feel that it is a normal measure to ignore mistakes. There is also a possibility that they feel that it is fine to make such mistakes and get away with it because people just tend to ignore it. Lastly since they think the responsibility is diffused they will never be blamed for the mistake.
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