Ethics

Fredrickson, G.M.(2002). Racism A Short History. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press. The book is about the evolution of racism- from the earliest known account to the latest issues. It especially focuses on the racist deeds of the German Nazis during the World War II. The book was particular about the execution of Jews in Germany which was known as the Holocaust. The book also described the rise and fall of racism from the Middle Ages to the present. It described racism as the theorizing effect of human differences in which humans have no control.

Sigler, J.A.(1987). International Handbook on Race and Race Relations. New York Greenwood Press. The book describes how each race matures through time. It also discussed the relationship of different races in terms of different aspects of their lives. Another focus is on how each race were able to handle the situations involving racial conflicts. The author also presented some logical solutions on how to approach the growing problem.

Bulmer, M.  Solomos, J.(2004). Researching Race and Racism. New York, USA Routledge. Bulmer and Solomos argues that racism is reflected in a growing body of theoretical and empirically based work on various facets of race and racism in both contemporary societies and historical periods. The research focuses on the sociological effects of racism. But there has been a growing racial disparity in other fields such as anthropology, politics, geography, media and cultural studies, law and the humanities. The educational system has been having efforts on how to resolve the ever growing issue. There has been a congregation of scholars who have carried out research in this field to reflect on various aspects of the methodologies they have used and the dilemmas they have faced in developing their theories about race and racism.

West, C.(1993).Race Matters.Boston, Massachusetts. Beacon Press. The book showed statistics relating to racial discrimination and violence. It also presented several cases where racism is the main factor in committing crimes. It especially focused on the events that happened in Los Angeles. It showed that the gravity of the situation is far more complex than what people originally thought.

Feagin,J.R. (2001). Racist America Roots, Current Realities, and Future Reparations. New York, USA Routledge. Feagin presented the main causes of racism in America. The implementation of several laws has racist origins. The United States is considered the hardest hit by racism compared to any 1st world nations. Feagin also presented the future events that could happen to the nation involving cases of racism.

Sharp, D.(1999).Pro  Con The Death Penalty in Black and White. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. The article explains how the implementation of death penalty has had racist implications. The victims were the most affected by this crisis. The increased number of blacks in the death row resulted to protests around the country. The article showed statistics that one of the main causes of death penalty being imposed on black people is social injustice.

San Juan, E. J.(1998). HYPERLINK httpphilcsc.wordpress.com20080906racism-in-the-usa-reflections-at-the-end-of-the-20th-century o Read RACISM IN THE USA Reflections at the end of the 20thcenturyRacism in the USA Reflections at the End of the 20thCentury. Remarks on the 9th Annual MSS Convocation. The article is about the authors remarks on the issue of racism. The problem is not only seen in the US but all over the world. He explicitly describes the racist views of people in his own nation. He leaves people questions regarding racism that would make them think its importance to the welfare of the society.

Dyer, E. (2007). Pitt Study Finds Stark Racial Disparities. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. The article focuses on cases of stark racial disparities in Pittsburgh. The Center on Race and Social Problems released its first report on racial demographics in the greater Pittsburgh area. The report looked at the lives of whites, blacks, Hispanics and Asians in the city and in Allegheny County. It is one of the most comprehensive surveys ever done on the quality of life of multiple racial groups. It explores six areas, including family life, economics, intergroup relations and mental health. In almost all of these areas, blacks in Pittsburgh often severely lag behind their white counterparts and in some cases -- such as professional employment and family life -- are at the bottom of the well among all the racial groups.

Rice, S.(2008). The Death Penalty in the United States Response to the Periodic Report of the United States to the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. CERD Shadow Report, 2-8. Retrieved from httpwww.abanet.orgmoratorium. The United States has failed to take any measures since the last CERD report in 2000 to address the

substantial body of evidence that the race of the accused (black) and race of the victim (white)
increases the percentage of blacks charged with death eligible offenses and substantially increases the percentage of cases where the jury imposes death. It has even disavowed and ceased any further development of the United States Department of Justices significant study of racial disparity in the death penalty in Federal cases


Dieter, R.C.(1998). The Death Penalty in Black and White Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Decides. Journal of Death Penalty Information Center. The review shows the results of the studies made which underscore the continuing injustice of racism in the application of death penalty. The first study showed the infectious presence of racism in the death penalty and demonstrates that the problem has not slackened a bit. The second identifies one potential causes of racism in the implementation of death penalty the majority of the death penalty decisions are made by whites.

Southern, R.(2007). How to Prevent Racism in Your Child. Journal on Racism in America. The article shows how racism has become a lightning rod for the opportunistic people of every color. Racism is in the open, but it is often disguised. Racism is always ignorant. Feeling superior or entitled based solely on color is a lack of education. Racism is one thing that can never be totally erased. The author suggests that for racism to be eradicated,  it must start at home with the education of the children.

Cassel,D.(2007). Color Complex How to Prevent Racism from Becoming Genocide. Journal on The Center for Civil and Human Rights. The article says that if preventiveactionremains problematic, in recent years the UN has made strides in developing preventivewarningsystems and indicators for genocide. On the tenth anniversary of the Rwanda genocide two years ago, Secretary-General Kofi Annan proposed a genocide action plan that included the new post of a U.N. special adviser on genocide, who would report to the Security Council through Annan.

Kundnani, A.(2009). Racism in the Mainstream. The Journal Issue 27.The review states that  racism has not really gone awayit has simply changed its shape. The terrorist attacks of 911 and 77, along with new forms of immigration, have been the pretexts for racism to reinvent itself. We should not be diverted from this reality by the fact that skin colour is no longer the sole basis for this new racism. Race was always socially constructed from colour. That todays racism, in new social conditions, takes culture or religion as its raw materials does not make it any less real for its victims. While Nick Griffins BNP has been quick to understand thisand focus its campaigning on Muslims and asylum seekersmany liberals remain trapped in old ways of thinking about race that, over the last decade, has repeatedly played into the BNPs hands.

Shah, A.(2010). Racism. Retrieved from HYPERLINK httpwww.globalissues.orgarticle165racismhttpwww.globalissues.orgarticle165racism. Racism is also a very touchy subject for some people, as issues concerning free speech and Article 19 of theHYPERLINK httpwww.un.orgOverviewrights.html o Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United NationsUniversal Declaration of Human Rightscome into play. Some people argue that talking about supporting racial discrimination and prejudice is just words and that free speech should allow such views to be aired without restriction. Others point out that these words can lead to some very dire and serious consequences (the Nazi government policies being one example).

Opinion.(2003). Death Penalty and Racism. USA Today. The article show that While blacks and whites are murdered in roughly equal numbers in the USA, the killers of white people are 6 times as likely to be put to death, according to a statistical analysis released last week by the anti-death penalty human rights organization Amnesty International USA. It found that of 845 people executed since the U.S. resumed capital punishment in 1977, 80 were put to death for killing whites, while only 13 were executed for killing blacks.

Amnesty International.(2001). Racist Application of the Death Penalty. The journal talks about African-American Thomas Miller-El, a murderer of a white man, is to be executed after being convicted of the crime after a robbery that led to Douglas Walkers death. Out of the 180 juries that handled his case, only 5 were African-Americans. The racial difference among the juries had a great effect on the judgement of the death penalty among those convicted.

Associated Press.(2001). Glaring Gap Between Blacks, Whites on Illinois Death Row. Nearly 23 of Illinois death row inmates are black, a higher  than in any other state except Louisiana looked at the 163 Illinois prisoners who were on death row at the end of 2000. Of those inmates, 103 were black and 60 were white - or about 63  to 37 . 9 inmates were of Hispanic ethnicity, although the report did not indicate their race. Death penalty supporters and opponents disagreed about the significance of the statistics. But both sides said the numbers merit a closer look.

International Commission of Jurists.(1997). Administration of the Death Penalty in the United States. Human Rights Quarterl, 19, n.1., 165-203. The death penalty debate in the U.S. is dominated by the fraudulent voice of the anti-death penalty movement. The culture of lies and deceit so dominates that movement that many of the falsehoods are now wrongly accepted as fact, by both advocates and opponents of capital punishment. The report presents the true facts of the death penalty in America. If you are even casually aware of this public debate, you will note that every category contradicts the well-worn frauds presented by the anti-death penalty movement. The anti-death penalty movement specializes in the abolition of truth

Marr, C.(1992). Criminal Law An Evolutionary Analysis of the Role of Statutory Aggravating Factors in Contemporary Death Penalty Jurisprudence. Washburn Law Journal. In the last couple of years, there has been a growing belief that the death penalty is applied fairly in this country, despite news reports that some individuals were incorrectly given death sentences. Sixty percent now say the death penalty is applied fairly, while thirty-seven percent disagree. In 2000, fifty-one percent said it was applied fairly, and forty-one percent said it was not. During that year, Illinois became the first state to institute a moratorium on the death penalty, and the use of the death penalty in Texas under then-Governor George W. Bush was a major issue in the 2000 presidential election campaign.