Ethics

1). Cloning
Cloning is the new technology that has found room in reproduction and can be used to create two or more genetically identical organisms. Reproductive cloning can be carried out through what can be referred to as nuclear transplantation or somatic cell nuclear transfer. Since the much publicized cloning of the sheep, Dolly in 1997 by the English researchers, the concept of cloning has been viewed as a controversial undertaking especially when it is viewed as aimed at cloning humans. A number of ethical issues have been raised while the scientists have vigorously defended the undertaking and regard cloning as a major breakthrough in their research activities.

Pros of   Cloning
Cloning has been viewed as a possible solution to infertility since it can serve the role of reproducing offsprings. Through cloning, vital human organs for implantation can be harvested without fear of rejection and therefore cloning is seen as a life savor. Since it involves genetics, cloning is thought to be the right channel of understanding the human genetics and this can help in combating genetically related illnesses. These are just but a few of the advantages that have been put forward in the defense of cloning (Oak, 2008).

Cons of cloning
Opponents to human cloning have argued that the practice is a grave offence to dignity of humankind and it violates the universally accepted fundamental equality of mankind. Genetical diversity which is vital for human survival is threatened due to the cloning process. If uncontrolled, the process can be abused for selfish ends and this is a great danger to mankind. Since the process entails the alteration in the genetic make up, the results could be cumbersome and irreversible. To the naturalists, cloning is seen as disregarding natural law and assuming the supernatural role of creation (Darren, 2008).

As much as cloning may be meant for the good of mankind, it remains a controversial issue. The idea of entrusting fellow humans with the role of creation is itself illogical. What will be the fate of the clones and how will they be related to mankind This and many other ethical questions lead me to vehemently oppose cloning.

2). Administrative ethics
Administrative ethics are usually concerned with how providers would influence the ethics of their members and the influence between members and a given organization. The government and the community have also not been left out as the administration ethics also influences on how the organization and members deal with the two. It is actually a new phenomenon in bioethics and addresses the corporate scenario in which decisions are made. Administrative ethics therefore encompasses conflict of interests from different quotas especially those concerned with care giving. The impacts of administration ethics are best felt by the patients as a group rather than as an individual (Tripod.com, 1998).

Health care facilities use different mechanisms to ensure quality in healthcare delivery. Institutional compliance and ethics committees together with review boards arose due to the need for business ethics in the health institutions. Business ethics involves integrity, honesty, well spelt out duties and roles of the employees and the organization, benevolence, among other ethical concerns. Such concerns are also to be found in healthcare settings in addition to respect of the individual, and emphasis on both fidelity and confidentiality. Institutional compliance together with the ethical committees and review boards have the crucial role of promoting quality and deal with the specific issues that may arise at the institution.

When dealing with administrative ethical issues, the management has the responsibility of ensuring that all the committees are in place to offer guidelines in resolving ethical dilemma as may arise. Staff and the patients have to be educated on the availability of these committees so as to promote prompt and quality service delivery (Bross, 2004).